English for office work.

English for office work

Learning Vocabulary

You are under enormous pressure to learn huge amounts of vocabulary.

But don’t try to learn long lists by heart, this is hardly the most efficient approach

to the problem. The golden rule is to do lots or revision at regular intervals.

One of the ways in which vocabulary is stored in the brain is by related

groups. Words which have some kind of connection are kept together in

the brain. Secondly, you should concentrate on words with the highest frequency.

When you come across a word in your reading you don’t understand,

you can often figure out its meaning from the context, but sometimes this isn’t

possible. Then you should use a dictionary. A dictionary is a useful learning

tool. The more words you understand, the more effective your study will be.

You should also take every opportunity to use the words in communication

– there is considerable psychological evidence that learners who like using

the foreign language improve their oral performance and their overall acquisition

of the language much more rapidly than those who are reluctant to

practice the language in real situation.

                        

Acquiring Information Through Reading

Understanding and remembering what you read is essential for effective

learning. Begin any reading assignment by getting a general idea of what the

material is about. You can usually do this by reading the titles and the main

headings.

Skimming. You skim a reading selection to get a general idea of its content.

Follow these steps when skimming:

1. Red the title of the selection.

2. Read the first two or three paragraphs. Introductory paragraphs usually

preview the content of a selection.

3. Read the first and last sentences of all other paragraphs.

4. Read headings and notice the words that are being introduced.

Scanning. The purpose of scanning is different from that of skimming.

You scan to find specific information. Scanning is often used to find answers

to review questions. Look for key words or phrases as you glance down the

page of the reading selection. Use section titles, headings. First and last sentences

of paragraphs will help you find the information you are looking for.

Taking notes.

Taking notes. Taking good notes will help you identify and remember the

main ideas in reading assignment. If you follow these suggestions, you will

find you are taking better notes:

a. Read through each passage before you take notes. To be sure you understand

what is important in each passage, read through it before writing anything

down.

b. Write down only main ideas and the most important information. Taking

notes is picking out main ideas from supporting details. Watch for words

and phrases that signal main points. Examples are: first, finally, most important

and the causes of.

c. Use drawings or diagrams to show cause and effect or to show relationships.

d. Write notes in a shortened form, using abbreviations and symbols. Because

you are taking notes for your own use, you need not use complete sentences

or even complete words.

e. Review your notes. Within a few days after you take notes on an assignment,

review them to make sure you understand them.

Evaluating Through Listening

Listening to the recordings will provide you with an opportunity to hear

native speakers. You will need to hear each recording at least twice to extract

all the required information. Sometimes you may need to hear the recording

more than twice. Sometimes you may need to pause the tape frequently and

play certain sections again. It is essential for you to realize that you don’t have

to be able to understand every single word. Generally, you should concentrate

on what the speakers are trying to say and the information they are communicating,

not the actual word they are using. The tasks are designed to help you

to develop skills in finding the important information in the recording.

Evaluating Through Writing

Even if your future plans don’t include becoming the next Shakespeare or

Hemingway, writing is one of the most valuable skills you’ll ever learn. No

matter what career you decide on, you’ll need to be able to express yourself clearly. Here are five ways to improve your writing.

Project

Work on the project implies the following stages:

1. Choose a theme, raise problems and set purposes.

2. Define your end-product and the form of its presentation: an oral or written

report, brochure, booklet, table, diagram. Decide whether it will be a collective,

individual or pair presentation.

3. Decide what language material is necessary for performance of the project.

4. Gather information and process the collected data. Read and analyze various

references, carry out interviews, polls.

5. Present your end-product to the class.

6. Discuss the strong and weak points of the project.

Follow these strategies. Success attends you!

1. Learn the rules of grammar, spelling and punctuation. The more you learn

about the basic foundations of writing, the easier the writing process will

be.

2. Before you start writing, write down a sentence or two that identifies exactly

what you’re trying to tell about or say.

3. Use plain, clear language whenever possible. It’s more important to make

sure readers understand your meaning than to impress them with your vocabulary.

4. Read your finished draft with a critical eye, marking changes to make later.

If possible, ask a friend to read it and make comments too. This fed back

will help you to avoid embarrassing mistakes.

5. Use reference tools. Keep a dictionary or thesaurus handy to check up

words and check spelling. There are a lot of good writing resources on the

Internet, too. Find your favourites and use them often.

Prepare for questions you might be asked

The following is a list of twenty questions you may be asked at an interview.

Some suggestions are given which you may like to use to prepare your

own answer.

1. Why do you want to work here?

Mention:

· Good reputation of the firm

· Any other positive information you have about the firm, e.g. their training

record

· It will give you a chance to do work which interests you

2. Why did you leave your last job?

Explaining briefly and honestly the reasons why your last job ended. If

there is anything positive to say, say it, e.g.:

If you left for health reasons point out that you are now fit and reassure the

employer that you can do the duties required, or, if you were dismissed, that

you take responsibility for your actions and have learnt from the experience.

3. Have you done this kind of work before?

· Yes – tell them the skills you have and how you can use them.

· No – quickly describe other work experience which will help you learn

the job quickly. Emphasise your interest and enthusiasm to learn.

4. What did you do in your last job?

Describe: skills and duties relevant to new job, machines/equipment used,

your responsibilities, people you dealt with, how long you were there, if you

were promoted.

5. What kinds of equipment can you operate?

Foreword

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